An electrical system is often used to drive a non-electrical system (in an electric stove, for example, electric energy is converted to heat). Interactions between electrical and non-electrical systems are often described in terms of power. Electrical power associated with a particular circuit element is the product of the current passing through the element and the voltage difference across the element.
The fact that charges exert forces on one another over a distance is explained by the idea of an electric field.
ll electrical principles rely on the concept of electrical charge, or simply charge. The concept of charge is based on the observation that some bodies exert non-gravitational forces on one another when they are placed close together. Like gravity, this force acts at a distance; but unlike gravity, the bodies can either attract or repel each other (gravity only attracts masses to one another).
Electronic components are often assembled and interconnected on a flat surface known as a circuit board. The several types of existing circuit boards may be divided into two broad categories: those intended for prototype or experimental circuits, and those intended for production and/or commercial sale.
Similarly to charges, magnets exert forces on one another over a distance. Each magnet has two poles—a north and a south pole. A magnet's north pole will be attracted to the south pole of another magnet, while the north poles or south poles of two magnets will repel each other.