And in-depth explanation on how solderless breadboards work. A Test Your Knowledge! section is included to enhance the understanding of solderless breadboards.

Hardware Breadboard

And in-depth explanation of LEDs and diodes along with their basic functions. Includes a Test Your Knowledge! section to enhance the learning process.

Hardware LEDs Diodes

Some materials (certain crystals, for example) produce a charge when they are deflected; this is called a piezoelectric effect. Materials which exhibit this property are called piezoelectric materials or piezo materials. If a piezoelectric material is sandwiched between two conductors, or electrodes, a voltage difference is produced between the electrodes when the material is deflected.

Hardware Piezo